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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
Description of Yoga in Vedas in India: -
Lord Shiva is called the founder of Yoga. According to the experts of yoga, the mention of yoga is present in the oldest scripture Rigveda. Through this, sages and yogis have come to interview many mysteries of the universe through the ritual of truth and penance. According to spiritual texts, by doing yoga, the individual's consciousness becomes connected to the consciousness of the universe. But there is general agreement that it was fully developed in India at the beginning of human civilization, in the pre-Vedic period.
The place of Yoga Vidya in the Indian thought system and philosophy has been paramount and extremely important and special. Indian texts are full of knowledge related to Yoga Vidya in many places. The word Yoga is mentioned in ancient and authentic texts like Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Gita, etc. Various definitions of yoga are as follows.
Yoga in Harappa-Mohanjodaro and Indus-Saraswati civilization period: -
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
Importance of Yoga in Vedas and Puranas of India:-
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
Yoga-Vidya is clearly accepted in Vyasa Bhashya. This fact is completely proved that the interpretation of the deep meaning contained in the Vedas is in the Yoga Shastras. Similarly, at one place in the Gita it has been said, 'Yoga: Karmasu Kaushalam'. That is, the one who practices yoga, his actions become skillful, and dexterity comes. It has also been said in the Gita, 'Yogastha: Kuru Karmani', that is, do your work by being engrossed in yoga.
Yoga in Kathopanishad etc.:-
The first mention is probably found in the Kathopanishad. The earliest mention is found in the oldest Upanishad - Brihadaranyaka. Not only this, the practice of Pranayama is also described in Veda mantras and it is also mentioned in Chhandogya Upanishad. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad also mentions the famous dialogue "Yoga Yajnavalkya" which took place between the sage Yajnavalkya and the disciple Brahmavadi Gargi. It also mentions several breathing techniques, asanas, and meditation related to physical health. Gargi has also talked about Yogasana in Chhandogya Upanishad. It is said that in the Atharvaveda, a group of ascetics explained the importance of various postures of the body, which later developed into yoga.
The most detailed mention of yoga in Patanjali Yogasutra: -
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
Description of Yoga from the precious words of Vivekananda:-
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
Description of Yoga in Rigveda, Atharvaveda, Shukla Yaju, Arthveda:-
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
यस्मादृते न सिध्यति यज्ञो विपश्चितश्चन्।
स धीनां योगमिनवति योगमिन्वतिः।। (ऋत्ववेद 1/18/7)
That is, no work of scholars is complete without yoga.
सद्वा नो योग आ भुवत् स राये स पुरंध्याम् गमद् वाजेगिरा स न: । । ऋ०1/5/3 साम० 3०/2/10, अथर्ववेद 20/29/9
That is, may that unique almighty, unbroken bliss full truth, eternal Supreme Being be oriented to give darshan in our state of samadhi.
योगे योगे तवस्तरं वाजे वाजे हवामहे। सखाय इन्द्र भूतये। । शुक्ल यजु० 11/14
That is, we Sakha (Sadhak) call upon the Supreme Aishwaryawan Indra for every Yoga, that is, for the attainment of Samadhi and in every trouble.
The description of the parts of hatha yoga is also found in the Vedas.
अष्टचक्र नवद्वारा देवानां पूरयोधया तस्यां हिरण्यमय: कोश: स्वर्गो ज्योतिषावृतः अर्थवेद 10/1 / 31
That means this body of ours with eight chakras and nine gates is actually Devnagari. There is a deer shell in it which is full of light and infinite joy. In fact, this attainment of infinite joy is possible only through yoga. In short, the description of yoga is scattered in the Vedas, self-welfare is its main subject.
Definition of Yoga according to many Upanishads: -
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
1.योगशिखोपनिषद के अनुसार-
1.यो पान प्राणयोरऐक्यं स्थरजो रेतसोस्तथा।
सूर्य चन्द्रमसोर्योगाद् जीवात्म परत्मात्मनो।।
एवं तु द्वन्द्व जातस्य संयोगों योग उच्चते।।
That is, the unity of prana and apana, the union of the power of Kundalini in the form of Satraj and the soul in the form of sweat, the union of sun and moon, and the union of the soul and the divine is yoga.
It is said in Yoga Shikhopanishad-
2. मंत्रो लयो हठो राजयोगान्ता भूमिका: क्रमात्!
एक एव चतुधाडय महायोगाउभिधीयते।
That is, Mantra Yoga, Laya Yoga, Hatha Yoga, and Raja Yoga are the four roles respectively. Together all four of them are one quadruvidha yoga. Which is called Mahayoga.
Definition of Yoga according to Shvetashvatara Upanishad-
3. न तस्य रोगो न जरा न मृत्यु प्राप्तस्य योगाग्निमयं शरीरम्। । (2 / 2 2 )
That is, one who gets a body made of the fire of yoga does not suffer from any disease, does not get old, and does not even die.
4. अमृतनादोपनिषद के अनुसार योग की परिभाषा-
प्रत्याहारस्तथा ध्यानं प्राणायामौन्थ धारणा।
तर्करचैव समाधिश्व षडंगोयोग उच्यते। ।
That is, Pratyahara, Dhyana, Pranayama, Dharana, Logic, and Samadhi, this is called Shadanna Yoga. In another Upanishad, the six parts of Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi Yoga have been mentioned.
5. श्वेताश्वतर उपनिषद योग के फलों को स्पष्ट कर कहता है।
लधूत्वसारोरयं मलोलुपत्वं वर्ण प्रसादं स्वर सौष्ठवं च।
गन्धा: शुभो मूत्रपुरीषमल्यं योग प्रवृत्रिं प्रथमा वदन्ति। । (2/13)
That is, when yoga is perfected, the body becomes light. The body becomes healthy, and there is no attachment to the subjects. The body which attracts the eyes gets radiance. That means the body of a Yogi becomes attractive. His voice becomes melodious, and his body smells divine. There is a shortage of excreta in the body.
Definition of Yoga according to Kathopanishad-
Maitrayanyu Upanishad states
6. एकत्वं प्राणमनसोरिन्द्रियाणां तथैव च।
सर्वभाव परित्यागो योग इत्यभिधीयते । । 6/ 25
That is the integration of life, mind, and senses, attaining the state of concentration, turning away from external objects, the senses becoming attached to the mind and the mind to the soul, and making life motionless is yoga.
Definition of Yoga according to Yogashikhopanishad-
7. योऴपानप्राणयोरैक्यं स्थरजोरेतसोस्तथा।
सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्योगोद् जीवात्मपरमात्मनोः।
एवं तु द्वन्द्व जातस्य संयोगो योग उच्यते। । 1/68-69
That is the integration of apana and prana, the union of superpower Kundalini in the form of Swaraj with self-element in the form of sweat, the union of Sun i.e. Pingala and Chandra i.e. Inda Swar, and the union of the soul with the Supreme Soul is Yoga.
Definition of Yoga according to 18 Puranas-
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
1. According to Agnipuran-
ब्रहमप्रकाशकं ज्ञानं योगस्थ त्रैचिन्तता।
चित्तवृतिनिरोधश्च:
जीवब्रहात्मनोः पर: । । अग्निपुराण 183।1- 2
That is, the concentration of the mind in Brahman is yoga.
2. According to Narada Purana -
Description of Ashtanga Yoga is found in Narada Purana. There are 5 differences between Yama in Yoga Sutra and in Narad Purana respectively (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha, Acrodha Anusuya) 7 differences have been told of Yama.
3. According to Matsya Purana:
Karmayoga is the main theme of the Matsya Purana. It has been said that only through Karmayoga one attain the supreme state (samadhi).
4. According to Brahma Purana-
It has been told in Brahma Purana that yoga should never be practiced in cold and heat. Yoga should not be practiced in a dilapidated house near a water body, at a crossroads, near reptiles, and in a cremation ground.
5. According to Skandha Purana-
Kriya Yoga has been described in detail in Skandha Purana. Worship of Lord Vasudev (Vishnu) has been described as Kriya Yoga.
6. According to Linga Purana
Yogo nirodho vriteshu chitsasya dwijastayaḥ.
That is, the stopping of the instincts of the mind is called yoga.
According to the Yoga Sutras Definition
The Yogasutra which has been propounded by Maharishi Patanjali has four padas. Samadhipad, Sadhanapad, Vibhutipad and Kaivalyapad
'Yogaschittavritinirodhah' Yo.su. 1/2
That is, stopping the instincts of the mind is yoga. The meaning of the mind is from the heart. Externalization When the sense organs receive the objects, the mind transmits that knowledge to the soul. The soul sees with the spirit of witness. Wisdom and ego decide the subject and bring a sense of duty to it. The reflection that is formed in the mind from this whole action is called vritti. It is the result of the mind. The mind is like a mirror. Therefore, the subject gets reflected in it, that is, the mind becomes subject-like. Yoga is to prevent this mind from becoming subjective. While clarifying the meaning of yoga more, Maharishi Patanjali has further said-
'Tada Drashtu: Swarupezhvasthanam. - 1/3
That is, in the state of yoga, the mind of the seeker (man) is situated in the form of consciousness (pure divine) like the state of Kaivalya in Nirudhakaal. That's why here Maharishi Patanjali has told yoga in two ways.
1. Samaprajnata Yoga
2. Asmaprajnata Yoga
In Samaprajnata Yoga, Tamoguna remains only in name in a secondary form. And in the mind of a man, there is a practice of discrimination and fame. In Asamprajnata Yoga, the effect of all the three Gunas from outside in the Sattva Chitta stops and the Purusha Shuddha Kaivalya becomes situated in the form of God.
Definition of Yoga according to Shrimad Bhagvat Geeta-
Yogeshwar Lord Shri Krishna tells Arjuna in Gita-
योगस्थ: कुरु कर्माणि संगत्यक्त्वा धनंजयः।
सिद्धयसिध्दयो समो भूत्वा
समत्वं योग उच्यते। । 2/48
That is, O Dhananjay, leave your attachment and do your work with equanimity. Yoga is to act with equanimity in success and failure. It is yoga to remain constant in the dualities of happiness and sorrow, victory and defeat, loss and gain, temperate, etc.
बुद्धीयुक्तो जहातीह उभे
सुकृत दुष्कृते।
तस्माध्योगाय युजस्व योग: कर्मसुकौशलम् ।। 2/50
That is, skill in actions is yoga. Karma should be done with such skill that Karma cannot bind. That is, doing work with an unattached feeling (Nishkam Bhaav) is yoga. Because the work done with non-attachment doesn't cause future births because it doesn't generate rituals. Efficiency in actions means doing actions without any desire for the fruits, that is Karmayoga.
Definition of Yoga according to Yoga Vashishtha-
Maharishi Vashishtha has composed a book called Yoga Vashishtha and from this book, Maharishi Vashishtha has explained the spiritual methods of yoga to Shriramchandraji in a simple way. Yogavashishtha is also called Maharamayana. Yoga Vashishtha says that the name of the technique to cross the worldly ocean is Yoga.
Definition of Yoga according to Jain philosophy-
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| Description of Yoga in Vedas - Harappa-Mohanjodaro - Indus-Saraswati Civilization Period - Puranas - Kathopanishad in India |
“मौक्षेण योजनादेव योगो इत्र निरूध्यते" (10- 1)
That is, the means of Yoga by which the soul element is purified, the same means are Yoga. In Jainism for yoga practice, it has been said about Mahavratas which are non-violence, truth, asteya, brahmacharya, and aparigraha respectively. Non-violence has also been emphasized in these. These five important parts of Mahavrata Yoga are the Yamas of Ashtanga Yoga. Apart from these, Jain teachers have told us to follow 10 religions. 1. Forgiveness 2. Mridula 3. Simplicity 4. Cleanliness 5. Truth 6. Restraint 7. Sacrifice 8. Sadness 9. Celibacy 10. Non-violence.
Definition of Yoga according to Buddhist philosophy:-
Buddhist philosophy is considered to be an atheistic philosophy, but the attainment of nirvana has been discussed in Buddhist philosophy and some measures have been given by Buddhist teachers to attain this nirvana. Nirvana. It is a synonym for Samadhi. In Yoga, what we call Samadhi, Maharishi Patanjali called it Kaivalya, Jain sages called it Mukti, and Moksha in Sanatan Dharma. The names are many, but the meaning is only clear the attainment of this nirvana (tomb) is yoga. Eight ways to attain Nirvana have been described in Buddhist philosophy.
1. Right vision- We should have the right vision for the four noble truths, sorrows, cause of sorrow, destruction of sorrow, and destruction of sorrow.
2. Samyak Sankalp- Take a resolution to give up non-self.
3. Correct Speech - Speak well, leave out inappropriate words.
4. Samyak Karma- Samyak Karma means doing good deeds in which complete karma-yoga comes.
5. Samyak Aajeev - Justly run your livelihood according to religion.
6. Samyak Vyayam- That is, striving for good deeds by destroying the evils is a Samyak Vyayam.
7. Samyak Smriti- Do not remember the non-self-related things related to work, anger, attachment, or greed. ,
8. Samyak Samadhi- Samadhi means controlling the mind, concentrating the mind for self-welfare.
In this way, we see that the similarity of Buddhist philosophy is found in Yoga Darshana, an important book of Yoga. The central theme of Yoga Darshan is the attainment of Kaivalya (Samadhi) which Buddhist teachers call Nirvana.
Other definitions of yoga:-
1. According to Maharishi Vyas- Yoga: Samadhi: Maharishi Vyas has described Yoga as Samadhi.
2. According to Sri Guru Granth Sahib- Following the true religion of doing selfless work, is real yoga. Real yoga is to merge your own light with the eternal and unbroken light of God.
3. According to Maharishi Yajnavalkya - Yoga is the name of the state of union between the soul and the Supreme Soul.
4. According to Shri Ram Sharma Acharya - Yoga is the art of living life.
5. According to Shankaracharya - considering Brahma as truth and this world
Keeping a false vision towards yoga. It has been said-
"ब्रहमसत्यं
जगत्मिथ्या"
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